![]() ![]() The keratinocytes produce a lot of keratin in this layer-they become filled with keratin. This layer gets its name from the fact that the cells located here contain many granules. ![]() The stratum spinosum is partly responsible for the skin’s strength and flexibility.įrom there the keratinocytes move into the next layer, called the stratum granulosum. They divide to form the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum, which migrate superficially.įrom the stratum basale, the keratinocytes move into the stratum spinosum, a layer so called because its cells are spiny-shaped cells. The stratum basale is primarily made up of basal keratinocyte cells, which can be considered the stem cells of the epidermis. Layers of the epidermis: The epidermis is made up of 95% keratinocytes but also contains melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells, and inflammatory cells. These changes are, in part, what give the strata their unique characteristics. As these older cells move up toward the surface, they change their shape, nuclear, and chemical composition. The newly produced cells push older cells into the upper layers of the epidermis with time. Millions of these new cells arise in the stratum basale on a daily basis. ![]() Keratin makes our skin tough and provides us with much-needed protection from microorganisms, physical harm, and chemical irritation. This protein is appropriately called keratin. Keratinocytes produce the most important protein of the epidermis. In this layer, the most numerous cells of the epidermis, called keratinocytes, arise thanks to mitosis. This is because it contains the only cells of the epidermis that can divide via the process of mitosis, which means that skin cells germinate here, hence the word germinativum. This layer is one of the most important layers of our skin. It is the layer that’s closest to the blood supply lying underneath the epidermis. The stratum basale, also called the stratum germinativum, is the basal (base) layer of the epidermis. Human skin: This image details the parts of the integumentary system. ![]()
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